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Self-Play Pretraining with Zero Data

2026-10-05

The paper formulates self-play as a teacher-student pair (generator and learner). The learner is pretrained via next-token prediction to model lessons (sequences output from teacher-written randomized programs). The teacher is trained via RL to align the parameter gradients induced for a learner by a lesson with the global parameter movement from the most recent half of the learner’s overall trajectory. This is a shockingly good formalization of one-on-one tutoring in RL terms.

Self-Play Pretraining with Zero Data (arXiv:2609.30063) ↗